第十八章(删除3)以下为整体删除原文(黄色背景)及其翻译 |
| Yet the mystery was far from solved. Nobody understood why heparin—which is made from the mucosal lining of pig intestines, most of which comefrom China—was suddenly making patients sick. In February 2008, the FDAdiscovered the likely source of the contamination: a Chinese plant supplyingcrude heparin to Baxter. In a clerical blunder, the FDA had completelyoverlooked and failed to inspect the facility, Changzhou SPL, located about150 miles west of Shanghai. Instead, it inspected and approved a plant with asimilar-sounding name.Predictably, once FDA officials finally traveled to Changzhou inFebruary 2008 to make an on-the-ground inspection, they found seriousproblems. The facility had dirty manufacturing tanks and no reliable methodof removing impurities from heparin, and it acquired the crude heparin fromworkshops that had not been inspected.Chinese regulators were no help at all. A loophole in Chinese regulationsallowed certain pharmaceutical plants to register as chemical plants, whichmade them subject to far less oversight. For U.S. congressional investigatorDavid Nelson, whose committee was now immersed in the heparin crisis aswell, the situation laid bare the“classically good reason to be suspect ofproduction coming from any country that doesn’t have competent regulatoryauthority.” The FDA issued an import alert in March 2008, meaning thatChangzhou SPL’s shipments would be stopped at the U.S. border
但谜团远未解开。没有人明白,肝素——这种主要来自中国猪小肠黏膜的制品——为何突然让患者生病。2008年2月,美国 FDA(食品药品管理局) 发现了污染的可能来源:一家位于中国的工厂向 百特公司(Baxter) 提供粗制肝素。在一次文书上的严重疏忽中,FDA 完全忽略并未检查这家工厂——位于上海以西约150英里的 常州SPL公司。相反,它检查并批准了一家名字听起来相似的工厂。 不出所料,当FDA官员在2008年2月最终前往常州进行实地检查时,他们发现了严重问题。该工厂有污秽的生产罐,没有可靠的方法去除肝素中的杂质,而且其粗制肝素是从从未经过检查的小作坊购入的。 中国监管部门完全帮不上忙。 中国法规中的一个漏洞允许某些制药厂登记为化工厂,从而接受的监管要少得多。对于时任美国国会调查员 大卫·尼尔森(David Nelson) 来说,他所在的委员会此时正深陷肝素危机,这种状况赤裸裸地揭示出“怀疑任何缺乏合格监管机构的国家生产的药品有着经典且充分的理由”。 2008年3月,FDA发布了进口警报,这意味着常州SPL的货物将在进入美国边境时被拦截。
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