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230801-新概念第四册第6课文

已有 193 次阅读2023-8-1 16:45 |个人分类:教育

一、I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sports creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.句子主要结构:I am amazed.
(属于简单句五种基本句型中的主系表结构)
从 when 到末尾都是时间状语从句,这个状语从句并不复杂,而是从句中的宾语补足语:saying that...saying 是动宾短语中的“动”,而 that 以后都是“宾”,这个动宾短语作宾语补足语。
二、Even if one did not know from that the concrete example (the 1936 olympic games,for instances) that international contests lead to orgies of hatred ,one could deduce it from general principles 
concreteadj.具体存在的; 实在的; 有形的; 具体的; 明确的; 确定的; 确实的; 物质的n.混凝土v.铺以混凝土; 用混凝土铺筑; 固结; 凝固; 凝结; 用混凝土固定; 使真实; 使具体
orgy n.狂欢; 秘密祭神仪式; 无节制的行为
hatredha 仇恨; 恶意n.仇恨; 恶意
三、Nearly aii the sports practised nowdays are competitive. You play to win,and game has little meaning unless you do your most to win
体育运动 sports practised     
没有意义 has little meaning
四、On the village green ,where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved,it possible to play simply for the fun and exercise
patriotism     n.爱国主义;爱国精神;爱国心
pick up 拾起、收拾起来、掌握技能、偶然结识    pick up sides结成两队
五、As soon as the question of prestige arises,  as soon as  you feel that you and some large unite will be disgraced if you lose,   the most savage combative instincts are aroused,anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this

Prestige  n.

声望; 威望; 威信

Savage

adj. 凶猛的,残暴的;猛烈的,恶狠狠的;极严重的,大幅度的;<旧>未开化的,野蛮的;(土地)荒凉的,无人烟的

n. <旧>未开化的人,野蛮人; 凶狠残暴的人;(纹章)长须半裸带叶环男人形

v. (动物)凶猛攻击,撕咬; 激烈抨击,猛烈批评

Combative

adj. 好战的,好争论的

Instinct

n. 本能,天性;直觉;天分,天赋

adj. 充满(某种品质,尤指好品质)的

[ 复数 instincts ]








五、At the international level,sport is frankly mimic warfare

mimic

 [ˈmɪmɪk]  美 [ˈmɪmɪk] 

v. 模仿(人的言行举止);模拟(外观或效果);模拟(另一种植物或动物);(药)模拟(另一物质)的生理作用;(疾病)表现出(另一疾病)的症状

· n. 善于模仿的人;会模拟的动物(或植物)

· adj. 模拟的,演习的

warfare

 [ˈwɔːfeə(r)]  美 [ˈwɔːrfer] 

n. 战争,作战;(团体、公司等之间的)斗争,竞争


六、But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of spectators,and behind the spectators,of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contects,and seriously believe --at any rate for short periods-  that running/jumpping/and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue

of the nations中的of是承接前面的attitude

spectator

 [spekˈteɪtə(r)]  美 [ˈspekteɪtər] 

n. (尤指体育比赛的)观看者,观众;旁观者

[ 复数 spectators ]

fury

 [ˈfjʊəri]  美 [ˈfjʊri] 

· n. 暴怒,狂怒;(暴风雨或洪水的)猛烈,剧烈;激怒者;复仇三女神 The Furies)

fury over

......的愤怒:表示对某事或某人的强烈不满和愤怒。

absurd

 [əbˈsɜːd]  美 [əbˈsɜːrd] 

· adj. 愚蠢的,荒谬的;滑稽可笑的;荒诞派的

· n. 荒诞,荒诞的事物 (the absurd)

[ 比较级 more absurd 最高级 most absurd ]

virtue

·  [ˈvɜːtʃuː]  美 [ˈvɜːrtʃuː] 

· n. 高尚的道德,德行;美德,优秀品质;优点,长处;<古>(尤指妇女的)贞操;功效;(传统基督教天使学)道德天使(天国九级制度的第七级)(virtues)

· 【名】 Virtue)弗丘(人名)

at any rate

 [æt ˈeni reɪt] 

无论如何:表示不论发生什么情况,都会保持某种程度的确定性。






rise, arise 是不及物动词,raise, arouse是及物动词

rise(rose, risen) rising vi. 上升,升起, 升高;上涨;文:(躺﹑坐或跪后)起立=get up,起身;起床 说明主语自身移向较高位置,常用于日、月、云、雾、烟、蒸汽、河水、温度、物价等,无被动语态。

1) The sun rose at seven o’clock. 太阳七点钟升起。

2) The river has risen by several meters.

3) The temperature in the room is rising higher and

higher. picture lecture manufacture(r)=make

4)Soon steam can be seen rising from the wet clothes

5)The price is rising.

increase/decrease


arise (arose, arisen) vi .(问题,困难等)出现;发生, 产生;主语一般为抽象名词,如problem, trouble, quarrel, difficulty, misunderstanding。无被动语态。

常用短语:arise from / out of sth.由……引起;因……产生。 如: 1) How did the quarrel arise? 争吵是怎么引起的?

2) They are talking about problems arising out of

the lack of communication. (后置定语)that arose out of the lack of communication.

 

raise vt. 说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其它事物的,往往有使物体达到其应有的高度的含义。可用于被动语态。如: 1) 招募:to raise an army

2) 养育、栽培:to raise a family/pet/children/plant/rose

3) 举起put up/raise one’s hand

4) 提出问题 raise a question = come up with a question=put forward a question

1) Salaries have now been raised by the boss.

2) The boss promised to raise her salary.

arouse意为“激起,唤醒;使... 奋发” 可用于被动语态

1) arouse one’s interest / sympathy“唤起某人的兴趣 / 同情心”

2) arouse sb. 唤醒某人

例如:

He fell into a sound sleep, don't arouse him.

You can never arouse a person who pretends to be sleeping.你永远叫不醒一个装睡的人。

辨析:

arise 没有“上升”之意,多指“产生、发生和出现”,常用于抽象事物 rise 使用范围广,既用于具体事物的“上升、增长”,又用于抽象事物的“上涨” raise 与以上两词不同的是,此词是及物动词,表示把某具体事物抬起高处或提高某抽象事物

用rise, arise, raise和arouse的适当形式填空。

(一)1.The sun ____ in the east.

2. A new problem has_____.

3. The gentleman ____ his cap in token of

respect to the ladies.

4. The noise _____ her from sleep.

1. rises 2. arisen 3. raised 4. aroused

(二)1. The speech made by Yu Dan__________ great attention.

2. New difficulty will _________ from such situation.

3. I was tired of the quarrel ___________between them.

4. After the earthquake many volunteers ___________money for people in great need.

5. My spirits__________ when I heard the good news.

6. I saw tears___________ from her eyes.

1.aroused 2.arise 3.arising 4.raised 5. rose 6. rising


























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