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发表于 2016-8-29 10:46:04
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Human Toxicity Excerpts:
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Rapid intravenous administration of Na2EDTA causes hypocalcemic tetany. However, a slow infusion (15 mg/min) administered to a normal individual elicits no symptoms of hypocalcemia because of the ready availability of extracirculatory stores of calcium.
[Hardman, J.G., L.E. Limbird, P.B., A.G. Gilman. Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 10th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2001., p. 1868] **PEER REVIEWED**
/CASE REPORTS/ ... Investigators have stated that EDTA is not a contact sensitizer. /These investigators/ reported that no positive reactions were observed when EDTA was included in the North American Contact Dermatitis Group's screening tray for several years, and that EDTA did not cross-react in 100 patients with ethylenediammne hydrochloride sensitivity.
[Cosmetic Ingredient Expert Review Panel; Final Report on the Safety Assessment of EDTA, Calcium, Disodium EDTA, Diammonium EDTA, Dipotassium EDTA, Disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, Tetrasodium EDTA, Tripotassium EDTA, Trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and Trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology 21 (S2): 95-142 (2002)] **PEER REVIEWED**
/CASE REPORTS/ /The/ sensitivity to EDTA 2% in vaseline in 465 individuals (235 men and 230 women) that "most often" suffered from eczema /was reported/. EDTA caused one positive patch test reaction. No additional details were available.
[Cosmetic Ingredient Expert Review Panel; Final Report on the Safety Assessment of EDTA, Calcium, Disodium EDTA, Diammonium EDTA, Dipotassium EDTA, Disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, Tetrasodium EDTA, Tripotassium EDTA, Trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and Trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology 21 (S2): 95-142 (2002)] **PEER REVIEWED**
/CASE REPORTS/ Three cases of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)-induced leukoagglutination noted on peripheral blood films are reported. Two cases of EDTA-induced agglutination of benign lymphocytes, and one case of EDTA-induced mature neutrophil satellitosis about immature neutrophil were observed. EDTA-induced agglutination of malignant lymphoid cells has been reported in blood films from patients with malignant lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. /These/ two cases are the first reported instances of EDTA-induced agglutination of benign lymphocytes. EDTA-induced agglutination of neutrophils is a well recognized, but uncommon event. This case was unusual because mature neutrophils were rosetted about a central immature granulocyte and no agglutination of mature neutrophils was noted.
[Deol I et al; Am J Clin Pathol 103 (3): 338-40 (1995)] **PEER REVIEWED** PubMed Abstract
/GENOTOXICITY/ In studies using ... human lymphocytes, ... EDTA caused chromosomal breakage by the chelation of divalent calcium ... ions and depleted heavy metal ions from the chromosome.
[Cosmetic Ingredient Expert Review Panel; Final Report on the Safety Assessment of EDTA, Calcium, Disodium EDTA, Diammonium EDTA, Dipotassium EDTA, Disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, Tetrasodium EDTA, Tripotassium EDTA, Trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and Trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology 21 (S2): 95-142 (2002)] **PEER REVIEWED**
/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ ...Total loss of /human/ sperm motility was achieved at a concentration of about 5 mg/mL of EDTA. EDTA decreased in vitro percentage of motile sperm as a function of exposure time. It completely impeded sperm penetration into cervical mucus at a concentration much lower than that for 100% inhibition of sperm motility. In the presence of extra calcium, the first-order rate constant for immobilization of sperm was reduced by 38.9-55.6% of control and was inversely proportional to calcium concentration. After EDTA exposure, calcium ion concentration in semen was reduced as a function of EDTA concentration. A decrease of 65% in calcium ion concentration was the threshold at which total loss of sperm motility occurred.
[Lee CH et al; J Pharm Sci 85 (6): 649-54 (1996)] **PEER REVIEWED** PubMed Abstract
/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ ...Editic acid [ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)] increases the absorption of some toxicants by increasing intestinal permeability. ...While lead and many other heavy metal ions are not absorbed readily from the GI tract, EDTA and other chelators increase the lipid solubility and thus the absorption of complexed ions. Thus, it is important not to give a chelator orally when excess metal is still present in the GI tract after oral ingestion.
[Klaassen, C.D. (ed). Casarett and Doull's Toxicology. The Basic Science of Poisons. 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2001., p. 113] **PEER REVIEWED**
/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ All known pharmacological effects of EDTA result from formation of chelates with divalent and trivalent metal /ions/ in the body.
[Hardman, J.G., L.E. Limbird, P.B., A.G. Gilman. Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 10th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2001., p. 1868] **PEER REVIEWED**
/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ ... The free acid or the sodium salt of ... /ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid/ are rather toxic ... the less toxic calcium disodium form ... is more frequently used.
[International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Vols. I&II. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983., p. 443] **PEER REVIEWED** |
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