中文 | |
| PART 11 Electronic Records; Electronic Signatures |
| Subpart B--Electronic Records Sec. 11.10 Controls for closed systems. |
当使用封闭系统创建、修改、维护或传递电子记录时,我们应当严格执行系统设置的控制程序,这些控制程序能确保电子记录的真实性、完整性以及适当的保密性,确保电子记录签署人不能否认自己已经签署的记录不真实。这类系统控制程序包括以下内容: | Persons who use closed systems to create, modify, maintain, or transmit electronic records shall employ procedures and controls designed to ensure the authenticity, integrity, and, when appropriate, the confidentiality of electronic records, and to ensure that the signer cannot readily repudiate the signed record as not genuine. Such procedures and controls shall include the following: |
理解:1、封闭系统的预定控制程序应当严格执行; 2、预定控制程序应能保证电子记录真实、可靠、以及适当的保密性; 3、预定控制程序应能保证电子记录的记录人不能轻易否定自己完成的电子记录; 总结一下,系统程序的设计要达到的目的,另一个要严格执行程序,不能严格执行程序,再科学的程序也是没有意义的; |
(a) 系统要经过验证,确保其准确、可靠、稳定地达到预期的性能要求,并且有能力辨别非法和篡改的数据。 | (a) Validation of systems to ensure accuracy, reliability, consistent intended performance, and the ability to discern invalid or altered records. |
理解:1、系统应当经过科学的验证,确保其性能稳定,符合预期要求; 2、能识别非法和篡改的数据; 验证是当前 GMP管理基本思想之一,新系统的设计越来越合理,关键是旧系统是否经得起验证,如果不能满足验证要求,就不能再投入使用了; |
(b) 确保系统具备生成准确和完整的、可供人类识别的电子记录备份的功能,且记录备份适合FDA检查、回顾、复制的要求。当人们对FDA审核、复制电子记录能力有任何疑问时,应当及时与FDA联系沟通。 | (b) The ability to generate accurate and complete copies of records in both human readable and electronic form suitable for inspection, review, and copying by the agency. Persons should contact the agency if there are any questions regarding the ability of the agency to perform such review and copying of the electronic records. |
理解:电子记录的三要求: 1、人可读的形式; 2、完整、准确;这里包含电子记录和生成电子记录过程数据(即元数据); 3、能够被FDA检查、回顾和复制,即能够从最后的结果追溯到原始数据; |
(c) 保证记录安全,确保记录在保存期内完整准确,易于检索读取。 | (c) Protection of records to enable their accurate and ready retrieval throughout the records retention period. |
理解:此条款与纸质记录在保存期要求一致,区别是要考虑电子记录存储介质的使用寿命要大于记录的保存期限,以及如何定期检查其完整性、可读性(即产生电子数据的软件也要保存,以确保数据可读); |