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Preventing Cross-Contamination during Lyophilization: GMP and Occupational Cleaning Requirements for Nonproduct and Indirect Product-Contact Parts
防止冻干过程中的交叉污染: 非产品和产品间接接触部件的 GMP 和职业清洁要求
ABSTRACT: A detailed overview is provided for the possible patient exposure to highly potent active pharmaceutical ingredients (HPAPIs) from potential cross- contamination through the lyophilization process. The intent of this paper is to raise awareness of the risk(s) to patients and stimulate the implementation of adequate risk- based controls, such as containment process(es), use of adequate surrogates in cleaning validation/verification, and test method- sensitivity- based cleaning validation acceptance conditions.
摘要:本文详细概述了在冻干过程中,患者可能因潜在交叉污染而接触到高活性药物成分(HPAPIs)的情况。本文旨在提高人们对患者所面临风险的认识,并推动实施充分的、基于风险的控制措施,例如密闭工艺、在清洁验证 / 确认中使用适当的替代物,以及基于检测方法灵敏度的清洁验证可接受标准。
Although lyophilizers are considered to be nonproduct- contact surfaces because their surfaces and fixtures do not usually come into direct contact with the product, product contamination can occur at critical locations within a lyophilizer and/or during the unloading process. Contamination of the air because of released product particles can also create a risk. Therefore, special attention should be paid to HPAPIs, as the permitted daily exposures (PDEs) for patients are particularly low. During a lyophilizer cycle, areas of concern are spreading of the lyophilizer HPAPI powder because of air turbulence, contaminated plates, mechanical transfer systems, and spreading because of damaged vials or contaminated stainless steel or plastic surfaces. Specific considerations for contamination containment for the lyophilizer unloading process are presented.
尽管冻干机通常被视为非产品接触表面(因其表面和固定装置通常不与产品直接接触),但在冻干机内部关键位置和 / 或卸料过程中,仍可能发生产品污染。产品颗粒释放导致的空气污染,同样会构成风险。因此,需对高活性药物成分(HPAPIs)予以特别关注,因为患者的允许日接触量(PDEs)极低。在冻干机运行周期内,需关注的污染风险点包括:气流扰动导致的冻干机内高活性药物成分粉末扩散、受污染的搁板、机械传输系统,以及因西林瓶破损或不锈钢 / 塑料表面受污染而引发的粉末扩散。本文还阐述了针对冻干机卸料过程中污染控制的具体考量要点。
Suggestions are provided for the prevention of patient exposure through cross- contamination via direct- contact areas and prevention of manufacturing personnel exposure via non- direct- contact areas. A surface limit(s) of 1 PDE per square decimeter for nonproduct- contact surfaces inside a lyophilizer is proposed. Risk- based cleaning validation/verification strategies are discussed, with specific consideration of the quality control test method sensitivity expectations and use of suitable surrogates for lyophilized products in the cleaning verification studies.
本文就以下两方面提供建议:一是通过直接接触区域防止交叉污染,进而避免患者接触(高活性药物成分);二是通过非直接接触区域防止生产人员接触(高活性药物成分)。本文提出,冻干机内部非产品接触表面的污染限值建议为每平方分米 1 个允许日接触量(PDE)。文中还探讨了基于风险的清洁验证 / 确认策略,具体考量包括对质量控制检测方法灵敏度的预期,以及在清洁确认研究中为冻干产品选用适宜替代物的相关问题。 |
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