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发表于 2017-11-13 23:26:42
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本帖最后由 beiwei5du 于 2017-11-13 23:43 编辑
3. 确定无明显损害作用水平(NOAEL)
对于已经辨识了的关键影响,应确定无明显损害作用水平(NOEL)。无明显损害作用水平(NOEL)是已经测试到的没有观察到"关键影响"的最高剂量。如果没办法获得无明显损害作用水平(NOEL),可以使用最低观察到影响水平(LOEL)。
这个可能需要修正一下,可能是很对于在当时该指南的draft版本写的:
draft版本:https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/files/gmp/2013_gmp_pc_en.pdf
Establishing NOEL(s)
For all critical effects identified, a NOEL should be established. The NOEL is the highest tested dose at which no “critical” effect is observed. If the critical effect is observed in several animal studies, the NOEL occurring at the lowest dose should be used for calculation of the PDE value. If no NOEL is obtained, the lowest-observed-effect level (LOEL) may be used. A NOEL based on clinical pharmacodynamic effects should correspond to the highest dose level tested which is considered therapeutically inefficacious.
正式版本:http://101.247.67.17:9011/www.ema.europa.eu/c3pr90ntc0td/docs/en_GB/document_library/Scientific_guideline/2014/11/WC500177735.pdf
Establishing NOAEL(s)
For all critical effects identified, a NOAEL should be established. The NOAEL is the highest tested dose at which no “critical” effect is observed. If the critical effect is observed in several animal studies, the NOAEL occurring at the lowest dose should be used for calculation of the PDE value. If no NOAEL is obtained, the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) may be used. A NOAEL based on clinical pharmacodynamic effects should correspond to the highest dose tested which is considered therapeutically inefficacious.
大致的原因在于:选自《Overview of comments received on ' Guideline on setting health based exposure limits for use in risk identification in the manufacture of different medicinal products in shared facilities’ (EMA/CHMP/ CVMP/ SWP/169430/2012 ) 》
• NOEL (lines 148 – 154): throughout this draft
guideline, emphasis is placed on using the NOEL for
risk assessment. However, in modern
pharmaceutical drug development, it is rare to have
a NOEL even at the lowest dose tested in animal
studies, and it is e xtremely rare to have a NOEL for
pharmacological effects in animal or human studies
for large molecules. In typical GLP toxicology studies
for pharmaceuticals, the objective is to identify a
NOAEL and not a NOEL. In addition, according to the
draft guideline, for therapeutic macromolecules and
peptides (“large molecules”), the use of a LOEL for
pharmacodynamic effects is “not considered
acceptable”. However, pharmacodynamic studies are
used to derive an effect level and are rarely dosed
to a NOEL. Moreover, it is unnecessary in order to
derive technically sound PDE limits. Thus, the
NOAEL is more appropriate (or MABEL for Biologics).
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