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发表于 2015-3-11 10:05:01
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ensign75 发表于 2015-3-11 08:49 
在2004年的FDA Industry Guidance “Sterile Drug Products Produced by Aseptic Processing — Current Go ...
另外,目前,一些理念也在变化,这点从制药工艺的验证的相关描述变化也可以看出,《制药工艺的验证》第二版的相关章节中的描述是这样的:
6. 培养条件
培养的温度和时间在不同的方法上有变化。最近PDA的调查结果表明:尽管培养基灌装的培养时间大部分固定在14天,时间周期使两种不同温度下的培养成为需要,20-25℃的培养用于探测霉菌和酵母菌,30-35℃的培养用于探测细菌。如果培养基是用于探测霉菌和酵母菌,需要在更适于它们繁殖的温度下培养。采用多种温度的问题是容器在两种温度下如何分配。一些公司选择先在一种温度下培养然后再在另一种温度下培养(调查结果表明似乎没有优先选择哪种温度)[25].
Other firms split the batch into two halves, each of which is then incubated at a single temperature. In choosing this approach the number of units to be incubated at each temperature should exceed 3000 to be meaningful statistically. A second consideration is how the batch is to be split. Given the concerns expressed earlier about the potential for contamination during the setup of the operation, dividing the batch in half on a time basis is inappropriate. It would seem preferable to alternate containers between the two temperatures so that the detection of a contaminant that requires a specific temperature for growth would be possible for even the first units filled. If boxes or totes are used to collect containers after
filling, the odd-numbered boxes could be incubated at one temperature while the even-numbered boxes are incubated at the other.
另一些公司将批平均分成两部分,每一部分在一种温度下培养。选择这种方法时,要使结果有统计意义,在每种温度下培养的容器必须超过3000。第二种考虑是如何分批。考虑到前述的在操作设置时存在潜在污染的关注点,以时间为基础将批平均分成两部分是不恰当的。似乎在两种温度下轮流培养容器似乎更可取,所以即使是探测第一批容器中要求特定温度下才能繁殖的污染也是可能的。如果在灌装后使用盒子或包收集污染,那么奇数序号的盒子可以在一种温度下培养,而偶数序号的盒子在另一种温度下培养。
In the industry today, the most common incubation period for media fills is 14 days.Many firms will inspect the filled containers (in a nondestructive manner) at fewer than 14 days (usually at 7 days) and make a preliminary determination on whether they can start production on a risk basis. The fill would be reinspected at 14 days to establish the firms performance officially. Any material filled before the 14-day inspection may be at risk pending the ultimate outcome of the media-fill test. Some firms have chosen to incubate their media fills longer, typically 21 days. This longer period is chosen to allow the outgrowth of slow-growing or damaged organisms. Longer incubation periods may also be used when the incubation temperature is shifted. For example, the containers may be held at 20-25℃ for 7 days, followed by 14 days at 30-35℃.
当今的制药业中,培养基灌装最常用的培养期是14天。许多公司在少于14天(通常为7天)时就检查灌装容器,并初步决定是否冒险开始生产。在14天时再次检查灌装容器,以确定公司的决定是否正确。在14天检查前的原料灌装都将冒着培养基灌装测试最后结果尚未确定的风险。一些公司选择较长时间的培养期,一般为21天。选择较长的培养期会出现繁殖较慢或损坏的微生物的生长晕。当培养温度改变时也可以选择较长的培养期。例如,容器在20-25℃下培养7天,然后再在30-35℃下培养14天。
这点和第三版的内容,有了较大的不同! |
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