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以下内容是FDA工艺验证指南中关于持续性工艺验证的描述,关于持续性工艺验证,我还是不太理解,持续性工艺验证和回顾性验证除了发现偏差或产品不良趋势时间点不同,还有什么区别?请各位老师指导。
第三阶段 - 持续工艺验证
The goal of the third validation stage is continual assurance that the process remains in a state of control
(the validated state) during commercial manufacture. A system or systems for detecting unplanned
departures from the process as designed is essential to accomplish this goal. Adherence to the CGMP
requirements, specifically, the collection and evaluation of information and data about the performance of the
process, will allow detection of undesired process variability. Evaluating the performance of the process
identifies problems and determines whether action must be taken to correct, anticipate, and prevent
problems so that the process remains in control (§ 211.180(e)).
第三个验证阶段的目标,是在商品化生产期间持续保证工艺处于受控状态(已验证状态)。用
于探测出计划之外从设计工艺偏离的一个或多个体系,对完成这一目标至关重要。遵守
CGMP 要求,特别是,收集和评估关于工艺性能的信息和数据,使探测出并非期望的工艺变
异成为可能。评估工艺性能,发现问题和确定是否采取行动整改、提前预见和防止问题,从
而使工艺保持受控 (§ 211.180(e))。
An ongoing program to collect and analyze product and process data that relate to product quality must be
established (§ 211.180(e)). The data collected should include relevant process trends and quality of incoming
materials or components, in-process material, and finished products. The data should be statistically trended
and reviewed by trained personnel. The information collected should verify that the quality attributes are
being appropriately controlled throughout the process.
必须建立一个持续和不断发展的程序,收集和分析与产品质量有关的产品和工艺数据(§
211.180(e))。所搜集的数据,应包括相关的工艺趋势和引入物料或组分、在加工材料和成品。
数据应进行统计学趋势分析,并由经过培训的人员审核。对所收集信息,应核实质量属性在
整个工艺中正受到适当控制。
We recommend that a statistician or person with adequate training in statistical process control techniques
develop the data collection plan and statistical methods and procedures used in measuring and evaluating
process stability and process capability. 18 Procedures should describe how trending and calculations are to
be performed and should guard against overreaction to individual events as well as against failure to detect
unintended process variability. Production data should be collected to evaluate process stability and
capability. The quality unit should review this information. If properly carried out, these efforts can identify
包含不具约束力的建议
中文译稿:北京大学药物信息与工程研究中心 info@cpier.pku.edu.cn
21
variability in the process and/or signal potential process improvements.
我们建议,由统计学家或是在统计学工艺控制技术方面受过充分训练的人员,开发用于测定
和评估工艺稳定性和工艺能力的数据收集方案、统计学方法及程序。 18 程序应说明如何进
行趋势分析和计算,还应防止对个别事件的过度反应,以及防止不能探测到意外的工艺变异。
应收集生产数据对工艺稳定性和工艺能力进行评估。质量部门应审核这类信息。如果正确实
施,这些努力能够甄别出工艺变异和/或有潜力用于工艺改进的信号。
Good process design and development should anticipate significant sources of variability and establish
appropriate detection, control, and/or mitigation strategies, as well as appropriate alert and action limits.
However, a process is likely to encounter sources of variation that were not previously detected or to which
the process was not previously exposed. Many tools and techniques, some statistical and others more
qualitative, can be used to detect variation, characterize it, and determine the root cause. We recommend
that the manufacturer use quantitative, statistical methods whenever appropriate and feasible. Scrutiny of
intra-batch as well as inter-batch variation is part of a comprehensive continued process verification program
under § 211.180(e).
良好的工艺设计和开发,应能提前预见变异的重要来源,建立适当的探测、控制和/或减轻
策略,以及适当的报警和行动限制。然而,一项工艺可能会遇到之前没有探测到,或工艺没
有在之前面临的多个变异来源。很多工具和技术,一些属于统计学的及更多属于定性的,能
用来探测变异,表征其特征,以及确定根本原因。我们建议生产商在任何适当和可行的情况
下,使用定量、统计学方法。详查批内以及批间变异,是§ 211.180(e)中全面持续工艺核查计
划的部分。
We recommend continued monitoring and sampling of process parameters and quality attributes at the level
established during the process qualification stage until sufficient data are available to generate significant
variability estimates. These estimates can provide the basis for establishing levels and frequency of routine
sampling and monitoring for the particular product and process. Monitoring can then be adjusted to a
statistically appropriate and representative level. Process variability should be periodically assessed and
monitoring adjusted accordingly.
我们建议,在拥有足够数据产生有意义的变异估计之前,在工艺确认阶段中,在已经建立的
水平对工艺参数和质量属性进行持续检测和取样。这些估计能为特定产品和工艺建立日常取
样和监测水平和频率提供基础。检测能因此调整到一个统计学上适当的、具有代表性的水平。
工艺变异应定期进行评价,并相应地对监测做出调整。
Variation can also be detected by the timely assessment of defect complaints, out-of-specification findings,
process deviation reports, process yield variations, batch records, incoming raw material records, and
adverse event reports. Production line operators and quality unit staff should be encouraged to provide
feedback on process performance. We recommend that the quality unit meet periodically with production
staff to evaluate data, discuss possible trends or undesirable process variation, and coordinate any
18 Some references that may be useful include the following: ASTM E2281-03 “Standard Practice for Process and
Measurement Capability Indices,” ASTM E2500-07 “Standard Guide for Specification, Design, and Verification of
Pharmaceutical and Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing Systems and Equipment,” and ASTM E2709-09 “Standard Practice for
Demonstrating Capability to Comply with a Lot Acceptance Procedure.” This is not a complete list of all useful references on
this topic. Many industry standards, books, and guides on these topics are available.
18. 包括下列在内的一些参考资料可能有用:美国材料与检测协会(ASTM)E2281-03 《工艺与量测能力指数
标准规范》、美国材料与检测协会(ASTM)E2500-07 《制药与生物药生产系统及设备技术规格、设计与核
实标准指南》,以及美国材料与检测协会(ASTM)E2709-09 《显示符合批次接受程序能力的标准规范》。此
处所列并非该主题可用参考资料的完整列表。可以得到很多与这些主题有关的行业标准、书籍和指南。
包含不具约束力的建议
中文译稿:北京大学药物信息与工程研究中心 info@cpier.pku.edu.cn
22
correction or follow-up actions by production.
通过及时评价缺陷投诉、对不和规格的调查结果、工艺偏离报告、工艺产率差异、批报告、
引入的原材料报告以及不良事件报告等,可以探测到变异。应鼓励生产线操作人员和质量部
门员工提供对工艺性能的反馈。我们建议质量部门定期与生产部门人员开会,评估数据、讨
论意料之外的工艺变异,并通过生产协调任何整改或后续行动。
Data gathered during this stage might suggest ways to improve and/or optimize the process by altering some
aspect of the process or product, such as the operating conditions (ranges and set-points), process controls,
component, or in-process material characteristics. A description of the planned change, a well-justified
rationale for the change, an implementation plan, and quality unit approval before implementation must be
documented (§ 211.100). Depending on how the proposed change might affect product quality, additional
process design and process qualification activities could be warranted. 19
本阶段收集到的数据,可能为通过改变工艺或产品的一些方面,例如操作条件(范围或设置
点)、工艺控制、组分、或在加工材料特性对工艺进行改进和/或优化。计划中的变更、变更
的充分正当理由、实施计划的说明,以及实施前质量部门的批准,必须以文件记录(§ 211.100)。
取决于拟议中的变更可能对产品质量的影响,可能需要额外的工艺设计和工艺确认活动。
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