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本帖最后由 haofei_wu 于 2014-6-7 10:05 编辑
现招募2013版新书-Quality Control Applications协作翻译,本书一共15章节,希望有15-30人参与进来。书籍完成后,会将整本书籍给参与者共享。
参与办法:有兴趣的同学直接回帖,报名您期望参与的章节,规定为每人领取一章,便于任务安排。后面的同学最好不要与前面所选章节重复。待达到所有章节选取完毕后,如还有同学想参与,可以参与前面章节的合作。强调下不参与的同学默默支持就行,便于后面选的同学看前面的帖子。为了便于及时交流和发放任务,可以加入质量管理交流qq群: 340326023。各章节标题如下:
Part I Product Quality
1 Product Assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1 Product Assurance Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Industrial Leadership and Product Assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3 Real Quality Versus Appearances: A Case Study . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.4 Basic Quality Characteristics: An Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.5 Research Needed for Checking What Is Not Easy to See . . . . 18
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2 Quality Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.1 Quality Control is a Flexible, Polyvalent Concept . . . . . . . . . 23
2.2 The Expanding Horizon of Industrial Statistical Methods . . . . 26
2.3 Instituting a Quality Control Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.4 Unwarranted Resistance to Better Methods
for Quality Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.5 Open Communications Channels and Quality Improvement. . . 36
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3 Designing for Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.1 Mission of a Design Engineer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.2 Improving Quality Assurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3.3 Technical Audits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3.4 Design Reviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3.5 The Clash Between Evolution and Standardization . . . . . . . . . 53
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
v
Part II Service Quality
4 Service Assurance: A Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
4.1 Alternative Energy Technology and Service Assurance . . . . . . 59
4.2 Reinventing the I.T.’s Strong Arm Tactics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
4.3 Unfulfilled Promises of Heat Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
4.4 Requirements for a Solution to Improve House Heating . . . . . 71
4.5 The Vendor Continued to Violate Service
Assurance Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
4.6 When Irrelevance Reaches the Top, Service
Assurance is Doomed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
5 Man-Made Catastrophes are the Result of Wanting
Service Assurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
5.1 What the Nuclear Plants Damage at Fukushima Meant
to Japan and to the World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
5.2 At the Daiichi Plants Service Assurance was on Leave . . . . . . 84
5.3 A Shot-by-Shot Account of the Perfect Storm . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
5.4 Natural Catastrophes and Those Man-Made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
5.5 Service Assurance for Power Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
5.6 Technology and Living Standards Require Greater
and Greater Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Part III Product Reliability
6 Reliability Assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
6.1 Quality and Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
6.2 Designing for Reliability Assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
6.3 Combining Mathematical and Engineering Knowhow . . . . . . . 111
6.4 Inspecting Lots and Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
6.5 Can Reliability be Improved Through Redundancy? . . . . . . . . 117
6.6 The Case of Cost/Effectiveness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
7 Reliability and Life Cycle Maintainability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
7.1 Tests for Reliability Assurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
7.2 Poisson and Weibull Distributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
7.3 Life Cycle Maintainability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
7.4 Safety Factors and Safety Margins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
7.5 Field Feedback for Reliability Assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
vi Contents
Part IV Statistical Inference
8 A Brief Introduction to Stochastic Thinking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
8.1 Probabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
8.2 Stochastic Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
8.3 Asymmetries, Fractals, and Complex Numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . 152
8.4 Which Might be the Normal Case?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
8.5 Test of Hypothesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
9 Sampling Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
9.1 Sampling Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
9.2 Principles Underpinning Sampling Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
9.3 Practical Examples with Sampling Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
9.4 Discovery Sampling: A Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
9.5 Sampling Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
9.6 Product Innovation Requires More Sophisticated
Sampling Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
10 Operating Characteristics Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
10.1 Operating Characteristics and Power Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
10.2 Improving the Shape of an OC Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
10.3 Using OC Curves: A Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
10.4 Level of Confidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
10.5 Tests of a System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
10.6 Controlling the Hazard of Guesswork
Through Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
11 Experimental Design and Latin Squares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
11.1 Experimental Design In-the-Large . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
11.2 Simultaneous Variation and Randomization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
11.3 Experimental Design Methods in the Small . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
11.4 The Use of Factorial Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
11.5 Full Factorial Design and Predetermined Confounding . . . . . . 222
11.6 Latin Squares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
11.7 Latin Squares and Analysis of Variance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Part V Statistical Quality Control
12 Fundamentals of Statistical Quality Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
12.1 Measured Quality of Manufactured Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
12.2 Organization for Quality Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Contents vii
12.3 Responsibilities in Quality Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
12.4 Six Sigma: A Quality Culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
12.5 Using Six Sigma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
12.6 Evaluating Results from Observation and Experimentation . . . 250
12.7 Cause, Effect, and Causal Inference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
13 Quality Control Charts by Variables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
13.1 Variables and Attributes Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
13.2 Sampling Inspection by Variables and Modes of Inspection. . . 261
13.3 The Calculation of Control Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
13.4 Using SQC Charts by Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
13.5 The Statistical Quality Control Chart Is a Model . . . . . . . . . . 274
Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
14 Quality Control Charts by Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
14.1 Fraction Defective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
14.2 Sampling Plan for Control by Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
14.3 Plotting Percent Defective in SQC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
14.4 Upper and Lower Control Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
14.5 Quality Control Charts for the Number of Defects Per Unit. . . 290
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
15 The Culture of Statistical Quality Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
15.1 Fulfilling the Prerequisites: Culture and Expertise . . . . . . . . . 295
15.2 Restructuring System and Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
15.3 Implementation of Sampling Plans in Smaller Firms. . . . . . . . 301
15.4 Lot Templates for Quality Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
15.5 Acceptance Limits for Lot Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
15.6 Overcoming Communications Barriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
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